ABSTRACT
This research work on the impact of motivation and performance in the public sector seeks to explain why workers loose motivation to work. Within the context of management, the focus of interest tends to be on how to ensure that all workers perform at their optimum level. Many employees see money (or higher pay) as the only motivating factor. They therefore stress emphasis on economic incentives in order to improve overall productivity and efficiency. The argument therefore is that social factors like the need for esteem and affiliation are something which people seek after and value, in order to achieve recognition and responses from others, individuals will expend a great deal of effort The aspect of workers performance and motivating factors was considered in this study. The study dealt further on the problems and effect of motivation and performance. Discussion and findings on the impact of motivation and performance was looked into. It likewise encompasses the summary, conclusion as well as recommendations.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Motivation simply means the action of motivating or encouraging employee in the area of their job, in order to put on the best performance. If employees are given necessary motivation there will be great achievement and progress in the area of the employee’s performance, while performance means the act of carrying into action, execution, achieving and accomplishing a work done by an employee. When there is great performance of an employee on a particular job in a private sector it will yield increase on the organisation in so many ways either financially or in the area of production.
The Human resources of any organization are the most important factors of production as it is with public or private sector hence, the necessity to build motivational factors into organizations. The human element is considered as the most important and complex in any organization and is the sole determinant of a successful organization. Hence human resource is considered as the pushing factor or force that can make or break an organization. The manager’s main task is to develop a productive work place, with and through those he or she is in charge of. The manager should motivate his or her team, both individually and collectively so that a productive work place is developed and maintained.
Motivation can be defined as ‘the process of initiating conscious and purposeful actions. Pratt Fairchild [1970] defines Motivation as the force that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied {or met} so that we have inspiration to complete the task. It can also be said to be the process of supplying an incentive adequate deliberate and purposeful action’.
Since management’s ability to analyzing and improving the motivation of its workers is of more concern to effectiveness and efficiency of the organization, motivation on workers performance refers to the entire class of drives, desires, needs, wishes and similar forces which causes, channels and sustains someone’s behaviour. Within the context of management the focus of interest on motivation tends to be on how to ensure that all workers perform at their optimum level. Managers who find the key to their workers inner motivations can tap an immense source of productive energy. Maslow (1954) identified that man is motivated by five basic needs (physiological, safety, love and belongings, esteem and self-actualization) and will work accordingly. He ranked them as hierarchy, recognizing that as man developed his needs changed as the individual moves up the hierarchy. The major implication for management is that the needs of workers should be identified and gratified, in order to motivate the employee to work efficiently and effectively. Eltom Mayo recognized that above a certain level, monetary rewards ceased to have an effect and the operatives started to look for the satisfaction of other needs. Unfortunately, Maslow’s ideas have no clear practical application, because it had not been proved that by providing motivators to stimulate an individual’s need will result in more satisfactory work from other workers. Herzberg (1959) suggested that there are elements in a person’s work and working environment which causes job dissatisfaction (hygiene factors) and different elements which create job satisfaction (motivational factors). The implications of these ideas are that managers must deal with two completely separate issues when trying to obtain good work performances from their subordinates. Firstly, they should prevent dissatisfaction by attention to hygiene factors and secondly, they should encourage greater achievement by paying attention to motivator factors. There are many other theories explaining what motivates people at work. According to Penny Hacket, motivation at work comes from two sources, namely, intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction. As the name imply, intrinsic satisfaction is the derivation of satisfaction of the needs from the work itself, while extrinsic satisfaction is the deriving of satisfaction through rewards received for doing the work. The ways in which motivation and performance might be achieved are likely to vary, however, according to different circumstances and situations. An individual’s motivation to work will thus vary over time and will be influenced by different factors at different times.
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- STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Motivation is very important in any organization so that the employee will put on the best performance. Any organization without adequate motivation will not get the best performance from the employees. Organization can be faced with insecurity, low level of income, delay in employee’s promotion, low productivity etc. all these problems occurs in an organizations when employees are not given adequate motivation in order to enhance best performance.
Research has shown that management has due to its endemic antipathy towards new technology failed to motivate workers coupled with their performance throughout their employment. Rather they organize and manage other factors of production in order to achieve effective productivity at the expense of the workers. Therefore, this study is intended to evaluate and articulate the impact of motivation and performance in an organization set up using The Federal Ministry of Health, as a case study.
The statement of the problem are being hindered by certain factors, for the purpose of this study, such factors include:
(a) To focus on what motivates workers and increase their productivity as it relates to wages and incentives.
(b) To learn about how to motivate staff towards enhancing their job performance.
(c) To take total responsibility for their own performance and to teach this modus operandi to others.
(d) To understand and model self-motivation as it affects workers in achieving organizational objectives.
(e) To help workers to improve job satisfaction and adjust to innovations and changes on the job.
(f) The need for motivation in order to arouse a person’s passion or commitment on the job.
- OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of the study is to examine the results of motivation on employee’s performance which will likely result to organizational success.
Other aims of the study will be to:
- Examine how the reward system affects staff performance in the Federal Ministry of Health.
- Identify how job insecurity on employees performance in the federal ministry of health.
- Investigate the consequence of delayed promotion of staff on performance in the Federal Ministry of Health.
- RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
In the course of the study the following hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance. The alternative hypotheses are represented by “Hi” while the null hypotheses by “Ho”.
Hypotheses one:
Ho: There is no relationship between the reward system and job performance in the public sector.
Hi: There is a relationship between the reward system and job performance in the public sector.
Hypotheses two:
Ho: Delayed promotion has a negative effect on staff motivation in the public sector
Hi: Delayed promotion has a negative effect on staff motivation in the public sector.
- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study will therefore be justified in that motivational factors will be discovered which will eventually increase employee performance.
This study will be of great benefit to managers, directors especially the management of the Federal Ministry Health on how they could get the best out of their employees who are presently facing the problem of reduced morale in the face of prevailing socio-economic hardship. And also the study will be of great benefit to researchers in order to make use of the system in carrying out their research work on several organisations where motivation and performance is not adequately handled well. Also this study will be of great impact on the policy maker for them to be able to make use of the system in the area where motivation and performance is not performed well in area of policy in any organization system.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This study is primary concerned with motivation and performance in the public sector. This study/project work covers the federal ministry of Health, Abuja. The researcher encountered some constraints, which limited the scope of the study. These constraints include but are not limited to the following
- a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
- b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
- c) ORGANIZATIONAL PRIVACY: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
THE PUBLIC SECTOR: is that portion of an economic system that is controlled by national, state or provincial, and local governments.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS: Advantages beside salary or wage that an employee may have through his employment, employee benefit is sometimes called fringe benefits.
HIERARCHY: A specified rank or order of persons or things, thus a series of persons or things classified by rank or order.
INCENTIVE WAGE: method of wage payment by which workers receive extra pay production
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
