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TIME MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTIVITY


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Abstract

Time is a special/worthy commodity that is given equally to everyone regardless of age, station, whether public or private sector. Time is always ever present to everyone, but no one ever seems to have enough of it. In Nigeria, the need for time management in organizations especially the public service cannot be over emphasized. Time management helps in achieving individual and organizational goals in view of the limited amount of time available to man. The study also beams a search light on organization of activities towards effective time management, as well as, the relationship between supervisors and subordinates as regards time management. The total population for the study is 200 staff and customers of De choice company, Uyo. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made administrators, computer operators, senior staff and junior staff were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies  The study discovered that Nigeria private and public enterprise are faced with time management problems which have become a hindrance to effective service delivery.

CHAPTER ONE

                                      INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the study

Time is an essential resource every manager needs to achieve the goals and objectives of an organization. It is so delicate that it cannot be saved but can only be spent and once misused it can never be regained. Every manager is looking for ways to improve time management. Whether it is the management of an organization looking for business improvement or an individual looking for ways to better spend their time, time management is important to both.  (Adebisi, 2013). Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defined time as a period either long or short, during which you do something or something happens while management is defined as the act or skill of dealing with people or situations in a successful way. According to Ojo & Olaniyan (2008), the following are the attributes of time. Ultimately, the efficiency and effectiveness of any organization, whether private or public sector, largely depends on the effective utilization of the available scarce resources by its employees. It should be noted that one of the greatest challenges of the Nigerian bureaucracy is non-performance of the civil service. It seems that there is never enough time in a day. But, since we all have 24 hours in a day, a question that comes to mind is, why do some people achieve much more with their time than others, especially in the public service? The answer lies in good time management. A popular musician – Mike Okri- in a music album titled Time Na Money emphasized the need to covert time to money (Forbes, 2016). The phrase “time is money” is essentially true. Unfortunately, time doesn't always equal money. In the same vein, the musician further stated that money don‘t fall from Heaven, if you do better things, money will come and don‘t spend your time in gossiping. Time is continually passing but that doesn't mean one is continually making money or being productive, this depends on how one manages the available time and what one does with it. The highest achievers manage their time exceptionally well. The perceived poor service delivery in the public service of Nigeria, due to poor time management, has provoked a series of studies geared towards ameliorating the ugly situation, which some scholars have attributed to the common challenges of the Nigerian federation (Igbokwe-Ibeto and Egbon, 2012).

As a result, time management could be considered as one of the major competitive tools that can contribute towards improved organisational performance (Ahmed et al., 2012; Nonis et al., 2011). Time management is necessary for any organisation to carry out its operations effectively. Improved operational efficiency through time management contributes to organisational success. Studies have empirically demonstrated the relationship between time management practices and organisational performance (Claessens et al., 2007; Miqdadi et al., 2014; Njagi and Malel, 2012; Nonis et al., 2011). Time management practices are however, influenced by culture (Nonis and Sager, 2003). It is in view of this that the researcher intend to investigate the importance of time management and organizational productivity.

  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Time is a necessity for every organization in achieving its goals and objectives. The attempt to accomplish the desired goal poses a great threat to the organizational productivity. According to International Labour Organization (ILO) (2016), Time management has become a major challenge to Managers. Organizations face a number of problems and challenges centering on inefficiencies in its time management. These could be stated as follows: Lack of Job security and poor working conditions of employees; Lack of adequate maintenance of human resource policy; Lack of proper structuring of the organization which is required to have a new trend that would enhance its efficiency and make it feasible; Poor team building and Lack of Self-discipline. It is against this backdrop that this study becomes pertinent.

  • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The study has one main objective which is sub=divided into general and specific objective. The general objective is to examine time management and organizational productivity. The specific objectives are;

  1. to examine the influence of culture in time management on organizational productivity
  2. to determine the effect of monochromic and polychromic time perception in organizational productivity of De Choice company Uyo
  • to examine the effect of procrastination time management on organizational productivity of De Choice company Uyo
  1. to examine the relationship between time management and organizational productivity
    • RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;

  1. What is the influence of culture in time management on organizational productivity?
  2. What is the effect of monochromic and polychromic time perception in organizational productivity of De Choice Company Uyo?
  • What is the effect of procrastination time management on organizational productivity of De Choice Company Uyo?
  1. Is there any significant relationship between time management and organizational productivity?
    • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;

H0: There is no significant relationship between time management and organizational productivity

H1: There is a significant relationship between time management and organizational productivity

H0: procrastination time management does not have any effect on organizational productivity of De Choice Company Uyo

H2: procrastination time management does have an effect on organizational productivity of De Choice Company Uyo

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is believed that at the completion of the study, the findings will be of great importance to the human resource manager of De Choice Company Uyo as the findings of the study will an insight on the benefits of effective time planning and management so as to get the best out of her employee. The study will also be of great importance to the employee of De Choice Company on the dangers of procrastination as the study intend to lay emphasis on the dangers of procrastination as time spent cannot be recovered. The study will also be of importance to researchers who intend to embark on a study in a similar topic as the findings of this study will serve as a reference point to further studies. The study will also be of great importance to students, teachers, academia’s and the general public as the findings of this study will contribute to the pool of existing literature and also contribute to knowledge on the subject matter.

  • SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers time management and organizational productivity with emphasis on De Choice Company Uyo. But in the course of the study, there are some factors that limit the scope of the study which were beyond the researcher’s control;

  1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
  2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
  3. c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the management and staff of De Choice Company Uyo makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.

1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

TIME: Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in apparently irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future.

 TIME MANAGEMENT: Time management is the process of planning and exercising conscious control of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity

EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY: Employee productivity (sometimes referred to as workforce productivity) is an assessment of the efficiency of a worker or group of workers. Productivity may be evaluated in terms of the output of an employee in a specific period of time.

ORGANIZATION: An organization or organisation is an entity comprising multiple people, such as an institution or an association that has a collective goal and is linked to an external environment.

1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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Author: SPROJECT NG