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THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT APPRAISAL IN PUBLIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT


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Abstract

Project is central in community development efforts. Since independence, successive government has come up with one developmental board or commission or the other as a tool for developing the Niger Delta area. However, it has been observed that these boards or commissions failed to attain the set goals due to their approaches and in coordinated community development activities. Sustainable development has to do with participatory development, human development and environmental protection. The federal government, thus, established the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) in 2000 to address the developmental challenges of the people.

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the study

Development projects involve using scarce resources to get sustainable results in a dynamic environment. For that reason, considerable efforts are spent on projects’ viability and social desirability assessments, as well as technical and financial scheduling, prior to the decision to invest. Once the decision to go ahead with the project is taken, the project investment phase is started and the project team must undertake detailed implementation planning. This involves the detailed forecasting of the project’s activities and milestones, the timing of costs and the establishment of human and financial resource requirements. Implementation planning also requires the development of implementation feedback and control mechanisms. The management of project implementation can be considered as a cyclical process with two imbedded cycles. In the primary cycle, goals and objectives are set with strategies for their achievement. The secondary cycle involves measurements of compliance with the plan. For every activity, any significant deviation of the results from the anticipated ones should trigger a review of the planning and eventually the initiation of corrective measures. During the course of project implementation, considerable efforts will be devoted to the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of the project’s outputs and outcomes. As discussed earlier in this book, while a project’s outputs are the tangible products e.g. a school’s building or an energy project’s power plant the project’s outcomes, which would relate to progress in education or energy consumption in the above examples, are the ones that effectively represent the project’s contribution to the country’s development goals. Monitoring project outcomes is thus essential in a development endeavor and those outcomes should be tested against a documented baseline reference established upon the initiation of the project’s implementation. Also, feedback and control mechanisms ought to be in place at the very beginning of the investment phase to enable the project to cope with the dynamic nature of project implementation.

The focus of any development agenda is the human being. It is the process of creating opportunities for people to make choices through access to education, health and well-being (Akopmuvie, 2011; Arab Human development Report, 2002; Sen, 2000).Human development is more than making fund available; whatever fund utilized must be adequately monitored to yield the intended goals and objectives. Whatever development philosophy any society is proposing, the most important focus is people; and if developmental focus refuses to acknowledge this noble cause, definitely no developmental progress could be successfully achieved. Human development goes beyond economic well-being; it should be able to capture the needs and interests of the people in order to equip them by enhancing their choices and exercising freedom on matters that affect their lives (Dokpesi & Ibiezubge, 2012). According to Akinwale (2010) many projects centered on human development has been implemented and executed in the Niger Delta region, unfortunately, it does not reflect in the well-being of the people. Therefore, Akpomuvie (2011) suggested that government should ensure that the host communities are adequately incorporated in the planning and implementation of development projects. The role of community members in sustainable community projects becomes crucial because they feel the direct impact of both the negative and positive implementation of any development agenda (Eversole, 2012). Similarly, Warren and McFadyen (2010) argued that when community members are incorporated into developmental issues in their community, they tend to show much commitment and affection to the successful implementation and sustainability of such development. This act of engagement and commitment are what they termed as community ownership. Additionally, Nettles (1999) posited that community participation is the process whereby all individual members of a community are given active responsibility and working together in the planning and implementation of developmental plans. Therefore, the active participation of community members in the development of their community triggers a positive attitude and enthusiasm of community members towards achievement and sustainability of development programs. Several studies (Aghalino, 2012; Akinwale, &Osabuohien, 2009; Kadafa, Zakaria, & Othman, 2012; Okolo, 2014) indicated that despite the colossal efforts by the NDDC through her robust master plan in developing the Niger Delta region, not much has been accomplished. Wilson (2011) confirmed that the NDDC master plan has not been able to address the socioeconomic needs of the area adequately. He therefore, suggested for an all- embracing strategic approach. Emphatically, Okolo (2014) observed that the NDDC master plan is capable of addressing the infrastructural and human development issues in the region if only the commission can redirect her developmental approach on community development. Given this, the study investigated how community participation can be employed to facilitate the activities of developmental agencies in achieving sustainable human development in the Niger Delta region.

  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Monitoring project outcomes is thus essential in a development endeavor and those outcomes should be tested against a documented baseline reference established upon the initiation of the project’s implementation. But in Nigeria the reverse is the case; as public project or property is often referred to as “our property” as such no one takes responsibility of monitoring, appraising and maintenance of the project. It is on this premise that the researcher deems it necessary to investigate the role of development appraisal in public development project with emphases on NDDC student’s hostel development.

  • AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The aim of this study is to appraise the contribution of the public in public development project. The main objective of the study is to investigate the role of development appraisal in public development project. But for the successful completion of the study the researcher intends to achieve the following objective;

  1. To ascertain the role of development appraisal in public development projects.
  2. To ascertain effect of developmental appraisal in project completion
  • To investigate the importance of public project appraisal in the development of students hostel
  1. To ascertain the role of NDDC in the development of students hostel in the Niger Delta.
    • RESEARCH QUESTION

For the successful completion of the study the following research question were formulated;

  1. Does development appraisal has any effect on project completion
  2. What is the importance of public project appraisal in the development of students hostel
  • What is the role of NDDC in the development of students hostel in the Niger Delta.
    • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher

H0: development appraisal has no role in public development projects.

H1: development appraisal has a significant role in public development project

H02: development appraisal does not have any effect on project completion

H2: development appraisal does have a significant effect on project completion

1.6 Contribution of the study to knowledge  

 

For some times now researchers have laid emphases on government delivery on its campaign promises in developing the state and construction of roads and other infrastructure, with little or no attention given to the role of the populace in appraising the quality of developmental project. It is in this backdrop that this study is embarked upon, because it is believed that the study will contribute tremendously in educating the benefactors of these projects to appraise the quality of work done so as to avoid misappropriation of funds by the contractors.

  • RESEARCH PLAN

The question guiding this study is: What is the role of development appraisal in public development projects?

The hypothesis is development appraisal has no role in public development projects. At the completion of the study it is believed that the findings will be of great importance to the host community in which these project are executed as the study will direct their attention to the monitoring and evaluation of the project as they are the primary benefactor. The study will also be of great importance to the contractor as the study will be of help to them to ensure that the community representative is being briefed on the completion level challenges and prospect of the project.

  • JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

The effectiveness and efficiency of any developmental project in the country lies on the publicity and efficiency of adequate personnel to implement them. Most public development project in the state has not or is never appraised by the public to ensure quality. It is no doubt that the cost of appraising a public project is cumbersome due to so many factors which ranges from political economic and public awareness. In order to overcome this barrier the populace need to be participatory in the course of the project so as to have adequate information to give a fair and unbiased appraisal.

As part of my requirement for the award of masters of science degree (M.SC) in( estate management), this study is carried out to ascertain the role of development appraisal in public development project

 

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

At the completion of the study it is believed that the findings will be of great importance to the host community in which these project are executed as the study will direct their attention to the monitoring and evaluation of the project as they are the primary benefactor. The study will also be of great importance to the contractor as the study will be of help to them to ensure that the community representative is being briefed on the completion level challenges and prospect of the project. The study will also be of importance to academias as the findings will also add to the pool of knowledge. Finally the study will be of great importance to researcher who intends to carry out investigation in similar topic.

  • SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers the role of development appraisal in public development project with emphasis on NDDC hostel projects. However in the course of the study, the researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

  1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
  2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
  3. c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities

1.11 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Project

One can also define a project as a set of interrelated tasks to be executed over a fixed period and within certain cost and other limitations.

Development

Development is a concept that includes consideration of community-wide or regional environmental implications

Community development

Community development is a process where community members come together to take collective action and generate solutions to common problems. Community wellbeing (economic, social, environmental and cultural) often evolves from this type of collective action being taken at a grassroots level.

Hostel

Hostel provide budget-oriented, sociable accommodation where guests can rent a bed, usually a bunk bed, in a dormitory and share a bathroom, lounge and sometimes a kitchen. Rooms can be mixed or single-sex, and private rooms may also be available.

 

1.12 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in six chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study its based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data and design presentation and analysis.  Chapter five deals on interpretation and discussion of findings. Chapter six covers conclusion and recommendation.

 

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Author: SPROJECT NG