TITLE PAGE

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

1.2 Problem statement

1.3 Purpose of the study

1.4 Significance of the study

1.5 Study hypotheses

1.6 Scope and Limitations of the Study

1.7 Definition of Basic terminologies

1.8 Organization of Study

CHAPTER TWO:

REVIEW OF RELATED AND RELEVANT LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Conceptual Review

2.3 Theoretical Framework

2.4 Empirical Studies

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Sources of data collection

3.3 Determination of Population

3.4 Determination of sample size

3.5 Instrumentation

3.6 Instrument Validation

3.7 Adopted Method of Analysis

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Data Presentation

4.3 Data analysis

4.4 Data Interpretation

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Conclusion and Findings

5.3 Summary of the Study

5.4 Recommendation

ABSTRACT

Public sanitary facilities are crucial infrastructure necessary for the social well-being and practical operation of a functioning city. Human dignity is directly linked to access the safety and hygienic sanitation and this formed one of the strongest indicator of a near perfect city. The research focuses on assessing the adequacy and maintenance of sanitary facilities in Garki districts. Garki as one of the pioneer district in Abuja metropolis, has housed many public institutions like schools, churches, mosques, major shopping centres, motor parks, markets and recreational areas without a decent or functional sanitary facilities. Data for this research were obtained from field using reconnaissance survey, user satisfaction survey and the use of questionnaires. Findings revealed that public sanitary facilities in these institutions in Garki district are inadequate and substandard in some institutions while in others they are adequate but lack maintenance. In line with the finding, some existing ones are reserved for the VIPs. The research recommend that the authorities concerned should provide more toilet facilities and upgrade those presently available. There should be serious enlightenment to the public on the impending dangers of campaign about the effect of lack of safety and hygienic sanitation and the and also there should be an effective management of public sanitary facilities in FCC Abuja with specific reference to Garki district.

CHAPTER ONE

DESIGN OF THE STUDY

 INTRODUCTION

 Public sanitary facilities are crucial infrastructure necessary for the social well-being and practical operation of a city. The provision of public sanitary facilities has implications for public and individual health, transportation, crime preventions, urban design, economic and cultural development and social equity. Public Conveniences i.e. Toilets, Bathrooms, Urinals and Comfort rooms are provided largely in public places and institutions. These places include Markets, Motor Parks, Religious institutions, Mosques, Churches, Filling stations, Hospitals, Airports, Sporting grounds,  Schools etc. The right of citizenship access to appropriate public toilets emerged in the west with the rise of modernity.

Prior to the period of enlightenment in Britain, urinating, and defecating was a public act, taking place not only in fields and gardens, but also in the streets. By the mid 19^th century however, public toilets were built using the public purse to provide citizens the means to urinate or defecate in public while away from home. It is a long time however since Britain led the world with such public health foresight. In most African cities, public conveniences are lacking in terms of quality and quantity, thus residents and visitors are often left wondering where to “go”. There is therefore a real quality of life crisis looming for all of us – especially the young and older members of society. There is a real concern about both the quantity and quality of public conveniences provision in Abuja and the associated problems this causes for the residents and visitors to the city.

Poor provision impacts increasingly on public health and environmental issues such as street cleanliness, social disorder and infections associated with poorly maintained, or nonexistent of public sanitary facilities. The provision of public conveniences is an important factor in delivering a people friendly environments for both residents and visitors; that is free from communicable diseases attributable to poor sanitation. This study tends to assess the provision of public sanitary facilities in Garki District of Abuja.

1.1 THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

Abuja, the Federal Capital of Nigeria is the fastest growing city in Africa. With a  steady rise in population in the last 10 years, it has recorded an increasing growth due to some socio-economic and political developments. Commercial activities have grown and brought with it greater demand for more basic facilities and services. Facilities already in place are grossly inadequate or over stretched. These facilities include public toilets which are not only in disgusting state but their maintenance and adequacy have been put to question. The city’s administration has done little to address that problem. In the few public toilets (at the parks, markets or at neighborhood shopping  complexes), the air is often so foul and wafts out into the surrounding neighborhoods.

In Garki, many public institutions like Schools, Civil Service Offices, Mosques, Churches and Private companies do not have functional and decent toilets. In some cases, the existing ones are either over stretched, too dirty or reserved for VIPs. As a planned new town, this situation is un-usual and raises questions regarding the quality of planning input in the preparation of the FCC master plan or shortcomings during its of implementation. This study examines the sanitary facilities available in public areas of Garki district with particular reference to distribution, adequacy, quality and

accessibility. The findings will be the basis for making recommendations towards improvement. Studies of public conveniences have been carried out for some cities in Nigeria. These include Danmati (1988) in Kano; Tanko (1997) in Kano; Oluwande (1978) on Nigeria; and Abba (2009) in Kano. The emphasis of such mainly on unplanned cities has been informative, but complimentary research is required of planned urban areas to ascertain whether situations are similar or otherwise. The findings will be useful for policy making towards improving sanitary condition in cities.

1.2 AIM

The aim of the research is to appraise the sanitary facilities in public areas of Garki District as a basis for identifying problems and making recommendations for improvement.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

The aim would be achieved through the following objectives.

1. To review the concept of sanitation and sanitary facilities and the planning requirements for their
2. To review distribution pattern of public sanitary facilities in Garki

3. Evaluation of available public sanitary facilities in Garki District,

4. To identify and recommend possible solutions to these