TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPETR ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research questions
1.5 Research hypotheses
1.6 Significance of the study
1.7 Scope and limitation of the study
1.8 Definition of terms
1.9 Organization of the study
CHAPETR TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 introduction
2.2 conceptual review
2.3 empirical review
CHAPETR THREE
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 sources of data collection
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sampling and sampling distribution
3.5 Validation of research instrument
3.6 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introductions
4.2 Data analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
Appendix
Abstract
The Planned Parenthood Federation of Nigeria (PPF) registered in 1964 is a national non-governmental organization promoting Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) in Nigeria. The study focused on examining the role of Planned Parenthood and eradication of juvenile delinquency in Uyo local government area of Akwa Ibom state. Based on empirical findings, three research questions were raised along with two hypotheses to guide the study. Finally, the result show that family planning helps to encourage child spacing among couples during their reproductive years, some religion upholds family planning because it serves as a means of disciplining some promiscuous individuals and that family planning helps couples to enjoy their sexual life after giving birth to the number of children they want. Based on the findings, recommendations and suggestions for further research were made
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
The population of any society depends primarily on its territory or physical environment for sustenance. Most of its food and other needs largely derive directly or indirectly from the environment, which consists essentially of land and its derivatives. Unfortunately, while populations of nations increase overtime, the various land masses on which these populations depend for sustenance are relatively fixed. Herein lays the general concern about population size and growth rate. However, the key to understanding over population is not population density, but the number of people in an area relative to its resources and the capacity of the environment to sustain human activities. The current realization that large population can hold back socio-economic development and health for all programmes has led to the quest for information on family planning and other related reproductive health problems in Nigeria. Planned Parenthood programmes have become necessary in Nigeria because of the prevailing socio-economy and psychological factors that affect both parents and children. However, in recent years economic situations changed and caring for children brings both psychological and economic strains on both parents and children. Having established that events early in a person's life may be related to subsequent behavior, the report moves on to consider the role of early experiences with parents and family on subsequent delinquent and criminal behavior. Children who are rejected by their parents, grow up in homes with considerable conflict, and are inadequately supervised are at greatest risk of becoming delinquents. There appears to be a cumulative efft',ct such that the presence of more than one of these negative family attributes further increases the likelihood of delinquency. Not all children follow the same path to delinquency; different combinations of life experiences may produce delinquent behavior. Positive parenting practices during the early years and later in adolescence appear to act as buffers preventing delinquent behavior and assisting adolescents already involved in such behavior in desisting from further delinquency. Research confirms that children raised in supportive, affectionate, and accepting homes are less likely to become deviant. Children rejected by parents are among the most likely to become delinquent. Studies also indicate that the child's disposition plays a role in this causal chain. A troublesome child or adolescent is more likely to be rejected by parents, which creates an escalating cycle that may lead to delinquency. Therefore, there is need for family planning either traditional or the newly introduced modern methods to curtail the trend. The traditional method include prolonged breast feeding, post-partum, the use of ring, waist band, wooden doll, the use of black soap and salt to be dissolved and taken immediately after sex. The above mentioned methods are commonly practiced on the Uyo LGA. On the other hand, the new modern method emphasized the use of contraceptive such as pill, IUCD (Intrauteri9ne Contraceptive Device), condom, implant, and vasectomy. For clarification, the new modern method is broken down into three categories, which includes Temporary modern methods examples are pills, injectable, condom. Permanent new modern method examples are vasectomy, tubectomy and Natural methods which involves withdrawal method and rhythm (Ayeni, 2002). Family planning is a way of maintaining reasonable interval in childbearing practice. That is letting a woman rest after giving the first birth before another birth. Family planning also embraces a way of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and a means of sexual gratification. Nwangoro (2009) defined that family planning is an organized effort to assist people to have the number of children they want and to space them as they choose. In addition, family planning is available to help individuals and couples to choose if and when they will have a child or to choose the number of children that they will have. The choices depend on a complicated mixture of social, cultural and psychological influences; and lately for the first time in history, men and women have had reliable methods to enable them to make that choice freely and relatively easily. This principle of choice is important as it includes not only the choice of using family planning, but the choice of the birth control method most suited to the particular circumstance of the couple. But neither the man nor the woman can make an informed choice until each has a basic knowledge of the different methods, their efficiency in protection against pregnancy and their advantages and disadvantages. The choice maybe that the man uses contraceptive measures; or that the woman chooses the contraceptive. Both should know of the available method so that the decision is made carefully. The choice is helped if each partner has an idea of how efficient the method chosen is in an unwanted pregnancy. On the other hands, family planning involved the use of contraceptive control in limiting or spacing out pregnancies either for socio-economic health, or population control purposes.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Juvenile delinquency refers to delinquent and criminal behaviour among young people as they negotiate the transition from childhood to adulthood in an increasingly complex and confusing world. Although the issue of juvenile delinquency is an age long problem, it seems that the juvenile delinquency of the past cannot be compared with that of the present era. Mugo et al (2006) says that various reasons such as poor marriages, lack of parental controls, ineffective parental behaviour and failure to provide a natural and loving environment in Kenya, have been attributed to the rise in delinquency. A family has a greater effect on individual’s trait acquisition and development. Wright (2004) says that most studies in delinquency have focussed on classification of crimes committed but have not delved deep into causative relationships, (Mugo et al (2006).In this regard, this study looks on the effect of the family unit structure on delinquency in an attempt to delve deeper into such a relationship of the two variables.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The study has one major objective which is broken down into main objective and the specific objective, the main objective of this study is to examine the impact of Planned Parenthood and the eradication of juvenile delinquency in Uyo LGA. The specific objective are;
- i) To examine the impact of planned parenthood in combatting juvenile delinquency in Uyo LGA
- ii) To examine if there is any significant relationship between planned parenthood and eradicating juvenile delinquency in the study area
iii) To examine the extent to which a single parenthood (father only/mother only) structure contribute to children delinquency
- iv) To ascertain the influence of family planning on parents reproductive behaviour.
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;
- i) Does planned parenthood have any impact in combatting juvenile delinquency in Uyo LGA?
- ii) Is there any significant relationship between Planned Parenthood and eradicating juvenile delinquency in the study area?
iii) Does single parenthood (father only/mother only) structure contribute to children delinquency?
- iv) Does family planning influence parents reproductive behavior?
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study
H0: There is no significant relationship between Planned Parenthood and eradicating juvenile delinquency in the study area
H1: There is a significant relationship between Planned Parenthood and eradicating juvenile delinquency in the study area
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The study investigate planned parenthood and the eradication of juvenile delinquency in Uyo LGA will be immensely significance to the parents, government, non-governmental organization, health workers, as well as family guidance counselors. The benefit of family planning cannot be over-emphasized because they go a long way in helping parents, their children, and education of the children and also enhanced the socio-economic and political development of the society. The study is hoped to enhance the understanding of juvenile crimes in the possible review of the Children’s Act, 2001.It is hoped that Family Counselors will find the study on the dynamics and how families contribute to juvenile delinquency and show the need for Government to come up with polices that strengthen the family unit as its stability may lead to reduced cases of juvenile delinquency hence a more community preventive policies in planning of the Nigeria’s Juvenile justice system and its handling of issues of juvenile delinquency
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers Planned Parenthood and the eradication of juvenile delinquency in Uyo LGA of Akwa Ibom. But in the cause of the study there are some factors that limit the scope of the study;
- a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
- b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
- c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency, also known “juvenile offending”, is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as minors (juveniles, i.e. individuals younger than the statutory age of majority)
Planned Parenthood
Planned Parenthood, is a nonprofit organization that provides reproductive health care in the United States and globally
Family planning
Family planning allows people to attain their desired number of children and determine the spacing of pregnancies. It is achieved through use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of infertility (this fact sheet focuses on contraception)
1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows
Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study
