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THE ROLE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE EDUCATION IN CURBING THE CHALLENGES OF INSECURITY IN NIGERIA


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Abstract

It is apparent that for donkeys of years nor, Nigeria has been under the yoke of hideous security challenges ranging from Boko Haram insurgency, herdsmen atrocities, kidnappings, hostage takings and abductions, militancy, banditry and the menace of cultism. The armed forces of Nigeria and indeed the entire security architecture have been strained and stretched to the limits. Successive Governments have tried to degrade and defeat this rampaging horde of terrorist groups without the desired results. To this end this study intend to examine the role of political science education in curbing challenges of insecurity in Nigeria. The instrument of data collection for this study was a well-structured close ended questionnaire that was design by the researcher in four likert scale. The study employ the survey research design. The population of the study comprises of 300 student of political science education. The method of Data analysis was the percentage, graphical and the Chi-square statistics. These data where analyzed using the SPSS version 21. A new model of engagement within the context of mass political education is being advocated by this study as a viable strategy to subtly galvanize the society and defeat organized terrorism now ravaging Nigeria.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

  • Background of the study

Lately, Nigeria has been enmeshed in a firebox of insecurity leading to scores of deaths of innocent civilians, foreigners, some members of the nation’s security personnel, elected officials and many government workers.

The deteriorating security situation in Nigeria is worrisome. Recently, Nigeria has witnessed unprecedented level of insecurity ranging from intra-communal, inter-communal and interethnic clashes; religious violence; armed robbery; assassination, kidnapping and “boko haram” insurgency (Mutiullah cited in Abubakar, 2011). Insecurity in Nigeria is causing developmental challenges such as endemic penury, high rate of unemployment, inured corruption, low industrial output, unstable and deteriorating exchange rate, high inflation rate, inadequate physical and social infrastructure, large domestic debt, and rising external debt 2 profile (Ewetan, 2013). These problems have posed severe threats to socio-economic development in the country in that it stifles business and economic activities and discourages local and foreign investors (Ewetan & Urhie, 2014). The insecurity challenge has assumed formidable dimensions forcing the country’s political and economic managers and, indeed the entire nation, to rue the loss of their loved ones, investments and absence of safety in most parts of the country. The number of violent crimes such as kidnappings, ritual killings, carjacking’s, suicide bombings, religious killings, politically-motivated killing and violence, ethnic clashes, armed banditry and others has increasingly become the regular signature that characterizes life in Nigeria since 2009 (Imhonopi & Urim, 2012). Government has tried everything from “force-for-force” to carrot-and-stick approach to diplomacy but the problem seems to rise with greater monstrosity like the proverbial phoenix. There has also been strong advocacy for a multistakeholder intervention to the insecurity question rather than lean on military options alone (Imhonopi & Urim, 2013; Open Society, 2012; Ujomu, 2001). One of the principal objectives of Boko Haram for instance is the rejection of Western Education which is dubbed evil. Some unwary and gullible citizens in the north east and North West states of Nigeria where these terrorist group operate are deceived to enlist as suicide bombers and child soldiers. Refworld.org (2018) reported that violence against civilians including targeted attacks on education was part of Boko Haram’s strategy. Human Rights Watch egually reported that approximately 10,000 civilians died in Nigeria between 2009 and early 2016 as a result of Boko haram’s activities. The Nigerian government has over the years adopted the military option of counter insurgency which has failed to yield the desired results. It has therefore become imperative that a new strategy be engaged to get to the root of the matter with a view to arresting the crippling insecurity threatening the sovereignty of the Country. Given the preponderance of misleading ideologies being espoused by the terrorists, it behooves of the Government to initiate and indeed sustain massive political education across the nation to stem the tide of separatist agitations, insurrections, insurgencies and armed banditry. Political education represents a viable strategy to achieve and ensure the realization of sustainable national security in Nigeria. According to Fanon (2000), to educate the masses politically is to make the totality of the Nation a reality to each citizen. It is to make the history of the nation part of the personal experience of each of its citizens. Political education goes to the roots of the national ethos, core values and emphasizes the country’s manifest destiny. Confronted with the debilitating challenges of insecurity, Nigeria can only overcome through the process of galvanizing and mobilizing the people to shun the divisive enticements and embrace the consciousness of common identity as Nigerians. This underscores the primacy of political education which involves the concept of democracy, encourages civic participation as well as the development of political knowledge through the activities of active learning in the community (Annette, 2000). The political education process as an ethical paradigm shift would ultimately checkmate the power elite class who employ dubious strategies to confuse and confound the masses into engaging in sundry ethnic violence, electoral malpractices and other forms of criminality. It is only the strategy of political education that would expose and explode this conspiracy and enlighten the people to make informed political decisions.

  • STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The current wave of terrorism now poses a greater threat than ever before. It has caused sufficient harm to society in areas of loss of lives and property, economic loss by diverting foreign direct investment (FDI) from target countries. In a bid to tackle these problems, the Federal Government has for some years now been allocating huge portion of the national budget to security, and in 2011 the Anti-Terrorism Act was equally enacted by the National Assembly (Ewetan, 2013). The Act seeks to provide for measures for the prevention, prohibition and combating of acts of terrorism, the financing of terrorism in Nigeria and prescribes penalties for violating any of its provisions (Oyebode, 2012). In addition, the federal government has embarked on fundamental surveillance, investigation of criminal related offences, heightening of physical security measures around the country aimed at deterring or disrupting potential attacks, strengthening of security agencies through the provision of security facilities and the development and broadcast of security tips in mass media (King, 2016). In spite of these steps, Nigeria is still ranked among the worst secured places for business and leisure activities in the world. The present study is therefore interested in assessing the role of political science education in curbing the challenges of insecurity in Nigeria.

  • OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The study has one main objective which is subdivided into general and specific objective, the general objective is to examine the role of political science education in curbing the challenges of insecurity in Nigeria; the specific objectives are:

  1. To examine the role of political science education in ameliorating insecurity in Nigeria
  2. To examine if there is any significant relationship between political science education and the fight against insecurity
  • To assess the relationship between education and insecurity problems associated with kidnapping in Nigeria
  1. To examine the impact of political science education in ameliorating banditry in Nigeria
    • RESEARCH QUESTIONS

The following research questions were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;

  1. Does political science education play any role in ameliorating insecurity in Nigeria
  2. Is there any significant relationship between political science education and the fight against insecurity?
  • Is there any relationship between education and insecurity problems associated with kidnapping in Nigeria
  1. Does political science education have any impact in ameliorating banditry in Nigeria
    • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

The following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;

H0: There is no significant relationship between political science education and the fight against insecurity

H1: There is a significant relationship between political science education and the fight against insecurity.

H0: There is no relationship between education and insecurity problems associated with kidnapping in Nigeria

H2: There is a relationship between education and insecurity problems associated with kidnapping in Nigeria

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is believed that at the completion of the study, the findings will be of great importance to the department of political science education as the study will contribute to lecture material and references in the academic libraries. The study will also be of great importance to researcher who intend to embark on a study in a similar topic. The study will also be of great importance to the federal ministry of education as the findings will be of great importance in emphasizing on the need for political education among the inhabitant of the security risk area. Finally, the study will be useful to student, teachers, lecturers and the general public as the findings will contribute to the pool of existing literature and also contribute to knowledge on the subject matter.

  • SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers the role of political science education in curbing the challenges of insecurity in Nigeria. In the course of the study, there are some factors that limit the scope of the study;

  1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study.
  2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities        and examinations with the study.
  3. c) FINANCE: The finance available for the research work does not allow for wider coverage as resources are very limited as the        researcher has other academic bills to cover.

1.8 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS

Political science

Political science focuses on the theory and practice of government and politics at the local, state, national, and international levels.

Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research

Insecurity

Lack of confidence or assurance; self-doubt: He is plagued by insecurity. the quality or state of being insecure; instability: the insecurity of her financial position.

1.9 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study its based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.

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Author: SPROJECT NG