TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page
Approval page
Dedication
Acknowledgment
Abstract
Table of content
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Objective of the study
1.4 Research Hypotheses
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Scope and limitation of the study
1.7 Definition of terms
1.8 Organization of the study
CHAPETR TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPETR THREE
3.0 Research methodology
3.1 sources of data collection
3.3 Population of the study
3.4 Sampling and sampling distribution
3.5 Validation of research instrument
3.6 Method of data analysis
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 Introductions
4.2 Data analysis
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Summary
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
Appendix
Abstract
Urban governance could be described as software that enables the urban hardware to function. Governance is the enabling environment that requires adequate legal frameworks, efficient political, managerial and administrative processes to enable the local government response to the needs of citizens. The provision of sufficient, affordable and quality basic services is considered a core function of urban governments. Delivery of services (water, sanitation, waste management and housing) correlates closely with the health and well-being of urban residents. Urban governance involves a range of actors and institutions; the relationship among them determines what happens in the city. In managing urban information, government (at all levels) needs to play a strategic role in forging partnerships with and among the key stakeholders.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Urban governance refers to how government (local, state and federal) and stakeholders decide how to plan, finance and manage urban areas. It involves a continuous process of negotiation and contestation over the allocation of social and material resources and political power. It is therefore, profoundly political, influence by the creation and operation of political institutions, government capacity to make and implement decisions recognize and respond to the interests of the poor. It encompasses a host of economic and social forces, institutions and relationships. These include labour markets, good and services; household, kin and social relationship; and basic infrastructure, land, services and safety, Devas, N., with Amis, P., Beall, J., Grant, U., Mitlin, D., Nunan, F. & Rakodi, C. ( 2004). Urban governance is described as software that enables the urban hardware to function. Governance is the enabling environment that requires adequate legal frameworks, efficient political, managerial and administrative processes to enable the local government response to the needs of citizens (UN-Habitat, 2016). It is also defined as the way that institutions and individuals organize the day to day management of a city and the process used for effectively realizing the short-term and long-term agenda of a city's development. Large gaps often exist between poor and better-off urban residents in terms of access to social, econ and political opportunities (particularly decision making) and the ability to participate in, and leverage, the benefits associated with urban living. The provision of sufficient, affordable and quality basic services is considered a core function of urban governments. Delivery of services (water, sanitation, waste management and housing) correlates closely with the health and well-being of urban residents. However, in many developing countries, delivery is constrained by challenges of coordination, governance, finance and capacity, which are exacerbated by the pace and scale of urbanization. Governments at all levels play important roles in service delivery, regulating, facilitating and collaborating with other stakeholders and institutions. National governments set the policy framework, transferring resources to local government for implementation. Primary responsibility for the provision of basic services usually rests with city or municipal government, even if delivery of services is outsourced to the private sector or NGOs. Urban governance for basic services covers the full range of arrangements through which governments and other stakeholders work together to install, deliver and manage services.
The role of local governments may involve some or all of the following: infrastructure provision and maintenance; environmental management; development control; land-use management; community liaison; land leases and sales; and policy development. These roles are often delegated to larger cities that have a greater capacity to deliver. Smaller towns are often reliant on central government to carry out these roles. Patterns of decentralization and the structure of local government agencies are critical to the capability of a municipal authority to manage service provision; incoherent decentralization often contributes to poor services. The urban poor are often disadvantaged in both market and public policy arenas and forced to access services that are expensive, insecure or illegal. The provision of basic services is far from being a purely technical matter. The political and governance context is paramount, influencing how and where resources are allocated (Devas et al., 2004). Lack of resources is not the only explanation for inadequate provision of services. Others include the lack of an adequate national policy framework; the unresponsiveness of city government; multiplicity and rigidity of laws and regulations; the difficulty for the poor in making their voices heard; the lack of accountability of local decision makers; and the shortage of effective and accountable CBOs and NGOs to help articulate the needs of the poor and ensure services are delivered. Collectively the reasons listed above may compel citizens to pursue informal routes in accessing basic services. As a result, parallel systems flourish and ‘informality’ has become the norm in many urban areas. Similarly, Abada (2001) acceded to the fact that an unprecedented movement of people into cities is an intimate part of development, representing spatial dynamism of development process , and therefore inevitable for a continuous development. It is important to state that urbanization is expected to increase the spatial and functional interrelations between cities, settlements and their surroundings. Thus, the rapid growth of urbanization has necessitated a new form of power relations between the different levels of government with stronger coordination and cooperation required for effective city governance.
The scale and rapidity of urbanization in Nigeria, both in spatial and demographic terms, has fuelled the high demand within the cities for land, housing and social services. Most urban residents are denied decent means of livelihood. A majority of Nigerians in the cities live in slum settlements, with income levels below subsistence and a dominant mode of livelihood located in non-formal sectors. Most urban residents have no access to basic services such as primary health care and basic security. Most cities lack adequate supply of pipe borne water, huge mountains of garbage occupy large areas in the cities due to a lack or near absence of an efficient waste disposal system, proper health care facilities are inexistent, affordable housing is still a dream for workers, and the public primary and secondary school systems are in a state of near collapse. Service delivery has therefore become one of the most serious problems of urban governance in the country. Poor service delivery in Nigerian cities has been attributed to poor planning but in most cases, good urban planning policies become ineffective due to poor implementation, as exemplified in the case of Abuja, the capital city.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Good governance and management is very critical to efficient delivery of urban infrastructure services. There is currently a wide gap between public desires and government policy with respect to urban governance. In spite of the huge capital allocation to infrastructure, there is not much to be shown in ground in most Third World countries like Nigeria. In spite of this, cities in less developed countries are growing at unprecedented rates. The various tiers of government are struggling to cope with the pace of urbanization and there is an ever increasing demand for infrastructure services. These include water and sanitation, roads, power supply, drainage, schools and waste collection. In all urban towns in Nigeria, the demand for services far outstrips the capacity to supply. Infrastructure deficiencies seriously constrain the productivity of private investments in most cities in developing countries including Nigeria, as firms must invest a good proportion of their capital on private electric power generator. It is against this backdrop that the researcher intend to investigate the efficacy of urban governance and social service delivery in Nigeria.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this study is to examine urban governance and social service delivery in Nigeria, but to aid the completion of the study, the researcher intend to achieve the following specific objective;
- i) To ascertain if there is any significant relationship between urban governance and social service delivery
- ii) To examine the effect of social service delivery in urban centers on rural urban migration
iii) To examine the impact urban governance of the provision of social amenities
- iv) To Examine the role of the three tiers of government in the development of basic infrastructures in urban and rural areas
1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
The following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher to aid the completion of the study;
H0: there is no significant relationship between urban governance and social service delivery.
H1: there is a significant relationship between urban governance and social service delivery.
H0: social service delivery in urban centers does not have any effect on rural urban migration
H2: social service delivery in urban centers does not have any effect on rural urban migration
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
It is believed that at the completion of the study, the findings will be of great importance to the management and government of urban cities as the study seek to explore the effect of social service delivery on urbanization in Nigeria. The study will also be of importance to the major stakeholders in urban area, as the study seek to explore the merite of collaborative effort between the government and other stakeholders to the development of urban cities in Nigeria. The study will also be of significance to researchers who intend to embark on a study in a similar topic as the study will serve as a pathfinder to further studies. Finally, the study will be useful to students, teachers, academia's and the general public as the study will contribute to the pool of existing literature on the subject matter and also add to knowledge.
1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study covers urban governance and social service delivery in Nigeria, but in the cause of the study, there are some factors that limited the scope of the study;
- a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
- b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
- c) Finance: Limited Access to the required financed was a major constrain to the scope of the study.
1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
Urban centers
urban center – a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts; “Ancient Troy was a great city” city, metropolis. concrete jungle – an area in a city with large modern buildings that is perceived as dangerous and unpleasant
Social Service Delivery
Our approach to social service delivery focuses on closing the gaps between needs, policy and performance to ensure the social service needs of a population are met in a responsive, accountable, and sustainable manner.
Urban governance
Urban governance refers to how government (local, regional and national) and stakeholders decide how to plan, finance and manage urban areas. It involves a continuous process of negotiation and contestation over the allocation of social and material resources and political power.
Infrastructure
Infrastructure refers to the fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or other area, including the services and facilities necessary for its economy to function
1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows. Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (background of the study), statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope of the study etc. Chapter two being the review of the related literature presents the theoretical framework, conceptual framework and other areas concerning the subject matter. Chapter three is a research methodology covers deals on the research design and methods adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding. Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.
